3.1.14.3. SQL 语法摘要¶

ABORT [WORK | TRANSACTION]

ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name

ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname

ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner

ALTER DATABASE name [ WITH CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit ]

ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }

ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter

ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname

ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }

ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL

ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint

ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [RESTRICT | CASCADE]

ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER DOMAIN name SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name RENAME [COLUMN] column TO new_column

ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name RENAME TO new_name

ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name action [, ... ]

ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   action [, ... ] [RESTRICT]

ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   RENAME TO new_name

ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]

ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]

ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname

ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name

ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name

ALTER INDEX name SET ( FILLFACTOR = value )

ALTER INDEX name RESET ( FILLFACTOR )

ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname

ALTER OPERATOR name ( {lefttype | NONE} , {righttype | NONE} )
   OWNER TO newowner

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner

ALTER PROTOCOL name RENAME TO newname

ALTER PROTOCOL name OWNER TO newowner

ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE name WITH ( queue_attribute=value [, ... ] )

ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname

ALTER ROLE name SET config_parameter {TO | =} {value | DEFAULT}

ALTER ROLE name RESET config_parameter

ALTER ROLE name RESOURCE QUEUE {queue_name | NONE}

ALTER ROLE name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname

ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner

ALTER SEQUENCE name [INCREMENT [ BY ] increment]
     [MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE]
     [MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE]
     [RESTART [ WITH ] start]
     [CACHE cache] [[ NO ] CYCLE]
     [OWNED BY {table.column | NONE}]

ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name RENAME [COLUMN] column TO new_column

ALTER TABLE name RENAME TO new_name

ALTER TABLE name SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name SET
     DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] )
   | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY
   | WITH (REORGANIZE=true|false)

ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name action [, ... ]

ALTER TABLE name
   [ ALTER PARTITION { partition_name | FOR (RANK(number))
   | FOR (value) } partition_action [...] ]
   partition_action

ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname

ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner

ALTER TYPE name
   OWNER TO new_owner | SET SCHEMA new_schema

ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname

ALTER USER name SET config_parameter {TO | =} {value | DEFAULT}

ALTER USER name RESET config_parameter

ALTER USER name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

ANALYZE [VERBOSE] [ROOTPARTITION [ALL] ]
   [table [ (column [, ...] ) ]]

BEGIN [WORK | TRANSACTION] [transaction_mode]
      [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

CHECKPOINT

CLOSE cursor_name

CLUSTER indexname ON tablename

CLUSTER tablename

CLUSTER

COMMENT ON
{ TABLE object_name |
  COLUMN table_name.column_name |
  AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...]) |
  CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
  CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
  CONVERSION object_name |
  DATABASE object_name |
  DOMAIN object_name |
  FILESPACE object_name |
  FUNCTION func_name ([[argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...]]) |
  INDEX object_name |
  LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
  OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
  OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
  [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE object_name |
  RESOURCE QUEUE object_name |
  ROLE object_name |
  RULE rule_name ON table_name |
  SCHEMA object_name |
  SEQUENCE object_name |
  TABLESPACE object_name |
  TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
  TYPE object_name |
  VIEW object_name }
IS 'text'

COMMIT [WORK | TRANSACTION]

COPY table [(column [, ...])] FROM {'file' | STDIN}
     [ [WITH]
       [OIDS]
       [HEADER]
       [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
       [NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
       [ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF']
       [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
       [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']
            [FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
       [FILL MISSING FIELDS]
       [[LOG ERRORS [INTO error_table] [KEEP]
       SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

COPY {table [(column [, ...])] | (query)} TO {'file' | STDOUT}
      [ [WITH]
        [OIDS]
        [HEADER]
        [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
        [NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
        [ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF']
        [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']
             [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
      [IGNORE EXTERNAL PARTITIONS ]

CREATE [ORDERED] AGGREGATE name (input_data_type [ , ... ])
      ( SFUNC = sfunc,
        STYPE = state_data_type
        [, PREFUNC = prefunc]
        [, FINALFUNC = ffunc]
        [, INITCOND = initial_condition]
        [, SORTOP = sort_operator] )

CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
       WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
       [AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]

CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) WITHOUT FUNCTION
       [AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]

CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name FOR source_encoding TO
     dest_encoding FROM funcname

CREATE DATABASE name [ [WITH] [OWNER [=] dbowner]
                     [TEMPLATE [=] template]
                     [ENCODING [=] encoding]
                     [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace]
                     [CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ]

CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type [DEFAULT expression]
       [CONSTRAINT constraint_name
       | NOT NULL | NULL
       | CHECK (expression) [...]]

CREATE [READABLE] EXTERNAL TABLE table_name
    ( column_name data_type [, ...] | LIKE other_table )
      LOCATION ('file://seghost[:port]/path/file' [, ...])
        | ('gpfdist://filehost[:port]/file_pattern[#transform]'
        | ('gpfdists://filehost[:port]/file_pattern[#transform]'
            [, ...])
        | ('gphdfs://hdfs_host[:port]/path/file')
      FORMAT 'TEXT'
            [( [HEADER]
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter' | 'OFF']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'CSV'
            [( [HEADER]
               [QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'AVRO'
           | 'PARQUET'

           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<formatter specifications>)
     [ ENCODING 'encoding' ]
     [ [LOG ERRORS [INTO error_table]] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count
       [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

CREATE [READABLE] EXTERNAL WEB TABLE table_name
   ( column_name data_type [, ...] | LIKE other_table )
      LOCATION ('http://webhost[:port]/path/file' [, ...])
    | EXECUTE 'command' [ON ALL
                          | MASTER
                          | number_of_segments
                          | HOST ['segment_hostname']
                          | SEGMENT segment_id ]
      FORMAT 'TEXT'
            [( [HEADER]
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter' | 'OFF']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'CSV'
            [( [HEADER]
               [QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<formatter specifications>)
     [ ENCODING 'encoding' ]
     [ [LOG ERRORS [INTO error_table]] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count
       [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL TABLE table_name
    ( column_name data_type [, ...] | LIKE other_table )
     LOCATION('gpfdist://outputhost[:port]/filename[#transform]'
      | ('gpfdists://outputhost[:port]/file_pattern[#transform]'
          [, ...])
      | ('gphdfs://hdfs_host[:port]/path')
      FORMAT 'TEXT'
               [( [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF'] )]
          | 'CSV'
               [([QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape'] )]
           | 'AVRO'
           | 'PARQUET'

           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<formatter specifications>)
    [ ENCODING 'write_encoding' ]
    [ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]

CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL WEB TABLE table_name
    ( column_name data_type [, ...] | LIKE other_table )
    EXECUTE 'command' [ON ALL]
    FORMAT 'TEXT'
               [( [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF'] )]
          | 'CSV'
               [([QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape'] )]
           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<formatter specifications>)
    [ ENCODING 'write_encoding' ]
    [ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION name
    ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
      [ RETURNS { [ SETOF ] rettype
        | TABLE ([{ argname argtype | LIKE other table }
          [, ...]])
        } ]
    { LANGUAGE langname
    | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
    | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
    | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY INVOKER | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY DEFINER
    | AS 'definition'
    | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol' } ...
    [ WITH ({ DESCRIBE = describe_function
           } [, ...] ) ]

CREATE GROUP name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX name ON table
       [USING btree|bitmap|gist]
       ( {column | (expression)} [opclass] [, ...] )
       [ WITH ( FILLFACTOR = value ) ]
       [TABLESPACE tablespace]
       [WHERE predicate]

CREATE [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE name

CREATE [TRUSTED] [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE name
       HANDLER call_handler [VALIDATOR valfunction]

CREATE OPERATOR name (
       PROCEDURE = funcname
       [, LEFTARG = lefttype] [, RIGHTARG = righttype]
       [, COMMUTATOR = com_op] [, NEGATOR = neg_op]
       [, RESTRICT = res_proc] [, JOIN = join_proc]
       [, HASHES] [, MERGES]
       [, SORT1 = left_sort_op] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op]
       [, LTCMP = less_than_op] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op] )

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [DEFAULT] FOR TYPE data_type
  USING index_method AS
  {
  OPERATOR strategy_number op_name [(op_type, op_type)] [RECHECK]
  | FUNCTION support_number funcname (argument_type [, ...] )
  | STORAGE storage_type
  } [, ... ]

CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE name WITH (queue_attribute=value [, ... ])

CREATE ROLE name [[WITH] option [ ... ]]

CREATE [OR REPLACE] RULE name AS ON event
  TO table [WHERE condition]
  DO [ALSO | INSTEAD] { NOTHING | command | (command; command
  ...) }

CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [AUTHORIZATION username]
   [schema_element [ ... ]]

CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION rolename [schema_element [ ... ]]

CREATE [TEMPORARY | TEMP] SEQUENCE name
       [INCREMENT [BY] value]
       [MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE]
       [MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE]
       [START [ WITH ] start]
       [CACHE cache]
       [[NO] CYCLE]
       [OWNED BY { table.column | NONE }]

CREATE [[GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP}] TABLE table_name (
[ { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ]
   [column_constraint [ ... ]
[ ENCODING ( storage_directive [,...] ) ]
]
   | table_constraint
   | LIKE other_table [{INCLUDING | EXCLUDING}
                      {DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS}] ...}
   [, ... ] ]
   )
   [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
   [ WITH ( storage_parameter=value [, ... ] )
   [ ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP} ]
   [ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
   [ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]
   [ PARTITION BY partition_type (column)
       [ SUBPARTITION BY partition_type (column) ]
          [ SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE ( template_spec ) ]
       [...]
    ( partition_spec )
        | [ SUBPARTITION BY partition_type (column) ]
          [...]
    ( partition_spec
      [ ( subpartition_spec
           [(...)]
         ) ]
    )

CREATE [ [GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP} ] TABLE table_name
   [(column_name [, ...] )]
   [ WITH ( storage_parameter=value [, ... ] ) ]
   [ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP}]
   [TABLESPACE tablespace]
   AS query
   [DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY]

CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name [OWNER username]
       FILESPACE filespace_name

CREATE TYPE name AS ( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )

CREATE TYPE name (
    INPUT = input_function,
    OUTPUT = output_function
    [, RECEIVE = receive_function]
    [, SEND = send_function]
    [, INTERNALLENGTH = {internallength | VARIABLE}]
    [, PASSEDBYVALUE]
    [, ALIGNMENT = alignment]
    [, STORAGE = storage]
    [, DEFAULT = default]
    [, ELEMENT = element]
    [, DELIMITER = delimiter] )

CREATE TYPE name

CREATE USER name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

CREATE [OR REPLACE] [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW name
       [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
       AS query

DEALLOCATE [PREPARE] name

DECLARE name [BINARY] [INSENSITIVE] [NO SCROLL] CURSOR
     [{WITH | WITHOUT} HOLD]
     FOR query [FOR READ ONLY]

DELETE FROM [ONLY] table [[AS] alias]
      [USING usinglist]
      [WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]

DROP AGGREGATE [IF EXISTS] name ( type [, ...] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP CAST [IF EXISTS] (sourcetype AS targettype) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP CONVERSION [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] name

DROP DOMAIN [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]  [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP EXTERNAL [WEB] TABLE [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP FUNCTION [IF EXISTS] name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype
    [, ...] ] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP GROUP [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]

DROP INDEX [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP OPERATOR [IF EXISTS] name ( {lefttype | NONE} ,
    {righttype | NONE} ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP OPERATOR CLASS [IF EXISTS] name USING index_method [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP RESOURCE QUEUE queue_name

DROP ROLE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]

DROP RULE [IF EXISTS] name ON relation [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP SCHEMA [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP SEQUENCE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP TABLESPACE [IF EXISTS] tablespacename

DROP TYPE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

DROP USER [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

END [WORK | TRANSACTION]

EXECUTE name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ]

EXPLAIN [ANALYZE] [VERBOSE] statement

FETCH [ forward_direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname

GRANT { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | REFERENCES |
TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
    TO { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL
[PRIVILEGES] }
    ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...]
] ) [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT parent_role [, ...]
    TO member_role [, ...] [WITH ADMIN OPTION]

GRANT { SELECT | INSERT | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON PROTOCOL protocolname
    TO username

INSERT INTO table [( column [, ...] )]
   {DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( {expression | DEFAULT} [, ...] )
   [, ...] | query}

LOCK [TABLE] name [, ...] [IN lockmode MODE] [NOWAIT]

MOVE [ forward_direction {FROM | IN} ] cursorname

PREPARE name [ (datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement

REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role

REINDEX {INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM} name

RELEASE [SAVEPOINT] savepoint_name

RESET configuration_parameter

RESET ALL

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE
       | REFERENCES | TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...]
       | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
       FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | CONNECT
       | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
       ON FUNCTION funcname ( [[argmode] [argname] argtype
                              [, ...]] ) [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
       ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...]
       | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
       FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [ADMIN OPTION FOR] parent_role [, ...]
       FROM member_role [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION]

ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION] TO [SAVEPOINT] savepoint_name

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON (expression [, ...])]]
  * | expression [[AS] output_name] [, ...]
  [FROM from_item [, ...]]
  [WHERE condition]
  [GROUP BY grouping_element [, ...]]
  [HAVING condition [, ...]]
  [WINDOW window_name AS (window_specification)]
  [{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] select]
  [ORDER BY expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [, ...]]
  [LIMIT {count | ALL}]
  [OFFSET start]
  [FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF table_name [, ...]] [NOWAIT] [...]]

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON ( expression [, ...] )]]
    * | expression [AS output_name] [, ...]
    INTO [TEMPORARY | TEMP] [TABLE] new_table
    [FROM from_item [, ...]]
    [WHERE condition]
    [GROUP BY expression [, ...]]
    [HAVING condition [, ...]]
    [{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] select]
    [ORDER BY expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [, ...]]
    [LIMIT {count | ALL}]
    [OFFSET start]
    [FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF table_name [, ...]] [NOWAIT]
    [...]]

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] configuration_parameter {TO | =} value |
    'value' | DEFAULT}

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] TIME ZONE {timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT}

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE rolename

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE NONE

RESET ROLE

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION rolename

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT

RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

SET TRANSACTION [transaction_mode] [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode
     [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

SHOW configuration_parameter

SHOW ALL

START TRANSACTION [SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED]
                  [READ WRITE | READ ONLY]

TRUNCATE [TABLE] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

UPDATE [ONLY] table [[AS] alias]
   SET {column = {expression | DEFAULT} |
   (column [, ...]) = ({expression | DEFAULT} [, ...])} [, ...]
   [FROM fromlist]
   [WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]

VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] [table]

VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] ANALYZE
              [table [(column [, ...] )]]

VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
   [ORDER BY sort_expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [, ...]]
   [LIMIT {count | ALL}] [OFFSET start]